German Gift Ideas (Geschenkideen)

Are you looking for a good gift for the German fan on your list? Heres a list of gift ideas for people who love German and the German-speaking countries of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In some cases, youll find a link to the product or more information, but most of the listings below are just helpful gift ideas related to German and the German-speaking countries. Books and Dictionaries A serious all-German dictionary (hardcover)A German-English dictionary (hardcover)Dual-language books (German poetry, literature)Harry Potter books in German, German audiobooks, travel guidebook You can also look online  for books, CDs, DVDs, and more German gift ideas Christmas Season Gifts If youre giving a gift to a German lover during the Christmas season, consider the following: Carved wooden Nativity setChristmas pyramidGerman pewter or crystal tree ornamentsNutcracker figureBook of German Christmas carolsAdvent wreath with candlesChocolate Advent calendar (before Dec. 1)Steiff teddy bear or dollGerman incense smokers (figures) Steiff Teddy Bears The German Steiff company made its first teddy bears in the early 1900s. Some early Steiff bears sell for thousands of dollars to collectors. Steiff still makes its high-quality bears, and they remain the most valuable of all teddies. A new Steiff bear or other figures generally cost between $30 and $250. German Incense Smokers (Raucher) Incense smokers can be very attractive—in both modern and traditional designs. These often colorful figures represent fisherman, firemen, soldiers, postmen, and people in traditional dress. The smoke from the incense comes out of the figures mouth. Cooking, Food, and Drink Gifts German cookbookRaclette set (for fondue)Glà ¼hwein (hot mulled wine) packet with bottle of wineGerman or Austrian wineGerman wine decanter stand (Weinheber)Gift certificate to a local German/Bavarian/Swiss restaurantAustrian/Swiss chocolateCookie and gingerbread moldsEgg cup set (Eierbecher) German Decor Austrian crystal (Swarovski, Kisslinger) glass ornamentsCeramic beer steinGerman, Austrian or Bavarian flagHummel ceramic figures  Decorative bells (Bavarian, Swiss, Tyrolian)Cuckoo clockGerman hand-made candles (modern)Pewter items (steins, ornaments)Posters and photos (German scenes, Austrian/German people: Bach, Einstein, Mozart, etc.)Stuffed animals (classic Steiff teddy bear)Good luck ceramic pig (a sign of good fortune in Germany). Austrian Crystal and Glass (Krystal) Austria is well known as a producer of beautiful crystal glass in many forms and designs. Although Swarovski is the best-known brand, you should also consider Kisslinger in Tyrol.   Miscellaneous German Gifts Dirndl dress or lederhosen (Austrian/Bavarian leather pants)German TV subscription (in North America)German wrap-around sling baby carrier (Storchenwiege) Music and Movie Gifts CDs by German-language artists (Falco, Fanta4, Die Prinzen, etc.)iTunes gift certificate (for downloading music by German music/artists)iPod or MP3 playerGerman movie DVDs Travel Gifts Set of plug adapters or voltage transformers (large small)Handheld computer/PDAMultiband cell phone (that works in Europe and North America)Electronic English-German dictionaryPortable DVD playerTravel guidebook and maps

High School Students Between The Ages Of 14 And 18

The target population for this study will be high school students between the ages of 14 and 18. The goal is to survey participants from each of the five federally designated counties in poverty in NH (Coos, Strafford, Grafton, Cheshire and Carroll) and identify to what extend does living in rural poverty impact student engagement in school (United States Census Bureau, 2011). In order to identify and recruit potential participants representing all grades in high schools and a majority of high schools in the identified counties in poverty this study will use data provided by three federally funded TRIO programs; UNH Upward Bound, UNH Educational Talent Search and Keene State College Upward Bound. These three TRIO programs are federally funded and serve low-income, potential first generation college students. They all serve high school students who fall below 150% of the national poverty threshold and whose parents did not receive a four-year postsecondary degree. The three programs t hat would supply the data represent 25 high schools in the target areas. All students whose income was below 150% of the National Poverty Level and who participate in these programs would be invited to participate in the study (roughly 500 students). We would invite students to participate in the study both through their program e-mails and letters home. If a student responded as interested to the e-mail, a letter would be sent to their parents/guardians that would describe the study and wouldShow MoreRelatedUnited States Vs. Educational Systems1395 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic Republic of Congo has two types of schools, as in the United States of America. Both countries have public and private schools. Private schools are not free and are not funded by the government neither in the Democratic Republic of Congo nor in the United States of America. Moreover, it is expensive for students because they must support all expenses by themselves. 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As a country, we have made some progress diminishing educational barriers such as race, gender, and geography but poverty is still a barrier that can keep a young adult from graduating from high school and in turn, continue the cycle of poverty. Does getting a high school diploma have any effect on â€Å"generational poverty†? Poverty is defined asRead MoreA High School Diploma Program1652 Words   |  7 Pages It seems like everyone gets a high school diploma in the United States in the year 2016. Or do they? Is it necessary to to get a high school diploma? As a country, we have made some progress diminishing educational barriers such as race, gender, and geography but poverty is still a barrier that can keep a young adult from graduating from high school and in turn, continue the cycle of poverty. Does getting a high school diploma have any effect on â€Å"generational poverty†? 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State governments decided their own individual drinking age after ProhibitionRead MoreHigh School Reform Is Flawed And Now Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagespeople need to start taking high school reform to the next level and all schools should at least consider it. With a well thought out high school reform plan, the school could be so much better, with less drop out rates and having the students actually enjoy learning instead of hating it. High school reform is a huge project that will constantly be changing throughout the years but if the right ideas are thrown in, schools could improve each year. The futures of high schools have so much potential, itRead MoreEssay Educating Hispanic Students1124 Words   |  5 PagesHispanic Students Education is the key to individual opportunity, the strength of our economy, and the vitality of our democracy. In the 21st century, this nation cannot afford to leave anyone behind. 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Swot Pestel Porters free essay sample

They purchased Colombo Ice Company in 1894 which was producing ice and mineral water those days. It is now mainly recognized as Elephant House . In 1936; CCS introduced latest machinery in their production line to introduce carbonated soft drinks. The principal activities of the Company currently are manufacturing and marketing of beverages and frozen confectionary. The Company operates in two business segments: manufacture and retail trade. Ceylon Cold Stores Limited is now owned by John Keells Holdings. As for the assignment we would be focusing on the beverage sector of CCS. Elephant House Soft Drinks manufactures various soft drinks and few of their key products are mentioned below. Key Products Elephant Cream Soda Elephant Ginger Beer Elephant Necto Elephant Apple soda Elephant Soda Elephant Orange Crush And the two main soft drinks we are concentrating are Elephant house ginger beer which has been recently named as EGB, and Elephant house Cream Soda. 2. SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong Brand Name With a history dating back further than the 1860s Elephant Brand has a rich heritage that is rivaled by few brands in the world. Elephant Ginger Beer is an extremely popular brand in Sri Lanka and since most of the Sri Lankan customers are ethnocentric buyers, they are happy to buy products which are produces locally. This is a big strength CCS holds when it comes to soft drinks in Sri Lanka. ‘Elephant brand soft drinks have been re-positioned as proudly Sri Lankan, playing on the emotionality of Sri Lankan public. â€Å"Be Sri Lankan, buy Sri Lankan† (Tuesday, 25 May 2004 Online edition of Daily News) Taste Elephant soft drinks have a wide product choice, with each having their own unique tastes and quality. When considering Elephant Ginger Beer and Cream Soda it has its own special trademark tastes which over the years other companies over have tried to duplicate. Work Force Committed and extraordinary group of employees help Ceylon Cold Stores to reach their target. The employees play a big role as a source of motivation to the organisation. Various employee training programmes are conducted in the organisation to improve the skill of the employees and to educate them. This helps the company to have a strong bond with its work force. Market Share Ceylon Cold Stores holds a strong grip on Sri Lankan carbonated beverage market. Elephant house soft drinks are the market leaders in the industry with 47% market share. Elephant Ginger Beer and Cream Soda are the top most consumed soft drinks in the island. Price Closely examine the key cost-bases, especially in procurement and overheads have helped Ceylon Cold Stores to cut cost. As a result has reduced the burden of the customer when it comes to pricing. This has helped on the growth in products. Accreditations and Certifications Ceylon Cold Stores is a highly reputed company in the island. This has been proven by various awards and certification. Due to the continuous efforts at improving efficiencies and commitment to quality, Ceylon Cold Stores has achieved the ISO 22000 certification. In recognition of the organisations effort to penetrate the global markets was awarded by the National chamber of Exporters of Sri Lanka. Processes, systems and IT With a strong employee stand and new technological work has helped improve CCS in their product productivity. The process in which Elephant Ginger Beer, Cream Soda and other soft drinks are manufactured the organisation has been able to have steady rate in producing the items. Brand Presence across the Globe Elephant soft drinks especially EGB and Cream Soda have continued to be hugely popular among the migrant Sri Lankans who patronise ethnic stores across Australia, Europe and the Middle East. Elephant carbonated are now exported t0 25 countries. Opportunities Hybrid products and new products Elephant House soft drinks have a wide opportunity in bringing up new products. They recently put out a new beverage Apple Soda which popular among the people and was a huge success, like wise Elephant house can come up with new products which will boost their ever growing popularity. Such a new product can be a hybrid beverage. Product Distribution in North and East The end of 3 decade civil war brings new opportunities to company to expand its distribution of beverage products locally. The carbonated beverage market has been relatively low in the North and the East. Therefore the Elephant House soft drinks can expand it in a massive scale. New Automated Technology The modern era of producing uses automated technology. This is efficient and more productive. Elephant House soft drinks can move into this path grows and expands its production. For an example a new bottling will the organization in quicker production level and will help to cut expenses on work force. International to Global Elephant House soft drinks are currently distributed in 25 countries. Elephant Ginger Beer and Elephant Cream Soda are two major sellers. CCS can now look into the expansion of its beverage market globally. Elephant house retail outlets and restaurants Elephant house soft drinks can look into new retail stores and target restaurants since EGB and Cream Soda are soft drinks consumed by most customers during their meals. It would be a major breakthrough in the beverage industry. Expansion of John Keells Johan Keells super outlets are the key main distributers and retailers of Elephant House beverages. The expansion of these outlets attractive locations will help EGB, Cream Soda and other products to improve their stock holding and production capital 250 ml bottle The 200 ml bottle was major success in the beverage ‘buddy’ market. This can lead to a new 250 ml bottle which people are happy to purchase than the 400 ml bottle. Recycling Process The second major product incomes of the EGB and Cream Soda are the 750 ml and Mega plastic bottles. A recycling system will enable the customers to sell the empty bottles back. Weaknesses Market Capitalization Market capitalization of the organization has dropped by 47% considering last year. This is mainly due to the lack awareness of its products. The company has to remind of its core customer base about its products so that the customers are loyal. This can be achieved by proper promotion strategy. Focus The focus of the company was mainly on the demographically more profitable western province. The company needs to now concentrate more on outer city limits. 400 ml bottle People are losing interest in the 400 ml bottle. This because the organization is showing more interest on the new ‘buddy’ 200 ml bottles. Poor Brand Placement Lack of attracting new customers and drop of core customers, this is mainly due to poor promotion mix. The use of advertisement and brand ambassadors are not used accordingly. Threats The Inflation Due the global collapse of the economy, high interest rates and high product prices people are reluctant spend their money on products which are considered as ‘wants’. The change of consumption pattern is impacting the beverage sector. Consumers are now more selective. Economy Crisis Rising oil prices, Government import taxes and levies will disturb the product prices and operational efficiencies. The organization has to take key measures to tackle this adverse operating environment. Expensive Raw material As a result of the inflationary environment the price of raw material is going high day by day. This will impact the company with its products cost. Health Conscious Society In the present period people are more concentrated on their health issues. Therefore they consume natural products like fruit juices, tea, water and etc. This has resulted in consumers making carbonated products least favorable item. Nature Though the does not play a huge part in the beverage industry recent studies has shown that the uncharacterized weather patterns are making consumers change their buying behaviors when it comes to food and beverages. . PESTEL Analysis Political and Legal The CCS should have a good relationship with the political and legal factor to have a smooth production process, for this the company should make the tax payment properly on time. To reduce the emission of Carbon Dioxide the government has implemented some rules and regulation like high tax for polluting the environment as result of the production process. So the CCS has company’s production cost has increased bec ause of the high tax Technological From past till now CCS has invested a lot on improving the technology of the company, the two new and the main technological improvement has been the bottling process and the recycling process. From the starting of the production till the end new technological machines have been used for the mixtures of the raw materials used for the beverages. Recycling process is very important factor for the company because it decides the image of the company. If bottles are not recycled in a proper manner and defects are found the reputation of the company would fall. Economic Factors In recent years because of the economic crisis the prices of the product has gone up, so the prices of the other imported soft drinks has gone up but the prices of the EGB and the Elephant House Cream Soda did not change. During the economic crisis the Sri Lankan economy didn’t affected so much, so the prices of the local product didn’t increase. CCS uses only the local products to produce soft drinks so the unit cost didn’t change due to the economic crisis because of this the price of EGB and Cream soda didn’t change. The demand for the CCS soft drinks particularly soft drinks are less because high competition in the market. As a result of this high competition the prices of the soft drinks tend to increase. Export of CCS has reduced during the period of economic crisis, because the CCS product are not essential items so during the recession period people who live in abroad didn’t won’t waste their money for CCS soft drinks. Social Environmental Factors Elephant house soft drinks have gain the trust of its core customers but itself does not keep them happy. Even the external society has to be happy with organisation. With this intention the Elephant House Sustainability Committee initiates various programmes events and activities; one such programme is the ‘Sustainable Agricultural Sourcing Initiative’ that strategically helps sustains economic growth. They undertake generous activities which uplift weak sections of the communities Elephant house works with and help conserve the environment around them. By these initiatives the Elephant House soft drinks has been able built trust among the sharp customers, employees, suppliers and all the other takeholders. Recycling process, Heath team and safety team has helped Elephant house gain the upper hand in the society. These policies minimises the harmful impact on the environment caused by the business operations and to promote health and safety in the work place. 4. Porters Five Force Model Analysis Porters’ force helps the marketer to compare the competitive advantage o f the company. The five forces include: The bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of suppliers Competitive rivalry The threat of substitutes The threat new entrants. The bargaining Power of Buyers The power of a buyer means how much control on pricing does the buyers have over the company supplying the product. There are 2 types of buying power: Customer Price Sensitivity. Negotiating Power. Customer price sensitivity means if there are many products in the market which are similar which make them a competitive product, then the customers will make decision of choosing the product by comparing the prices. In this scenario EGB (Elephant House Ginger Beer) and Cream Soda have similar products in the market but of their competitors which can make their customers to shift to their competitors. Negotiating power means where large buyers have power to negotiate low prices. The buyers of EGB and Cream Soda are both large and small buyers. There are certain factors to be considered to be affecting buying power. How big are the buyers of EGB and Cream Soda – If the buyer is a large firm such as supermarkets they would have high bargaining power. The number of buyers of EGB and Cream Soda – The more the buyers the higher they can bargain for prices. How much the buyer’s of EGB and Cream Soda purchase – If a certain retail outlet or many small buyers purchase large quantity they would have more power over the supplier. Therefore the buyers bargaining power is relatively higher when considering the factors and the decisions of the buyers. The bargaining power of Suppliers This looks at the bargaining power of the suppliers of a company. If there are many suppliers manufacturing the same raw materials needed for EGB and Cream Soda then the CCS would go according to the prices of their suppliers. This gives CCS the option to lower its cost by having a good bargaining power over its suppliers. However if there is only one supplier manufacturing the raw materials required by CCS for EGB and Cream Soda then the suppliers would have an advantage of bargaining the price. Ingredients contained by EGB and Cream Soda is carbonated water, sugar etc Which are available in abundance in Sri Lanka therefore suppliers barging power is very low, however not only because raw materials are available in abundance that CCS has an advantage of bargaining its prices with suppliers, but also because CCS buys raw materials in large quantities and is a large firm. These factors declare that the bargaining power of suppliers is very low. Competitive Rivalry Competitors are firms that compete with each other in order to gain strong market share than the other in an industry. High competition results in change in prices which would lead to change in profit margins. Many companies aim is to have a strong position in the market, especially for fast moving products like beverages. CCS has many competitors such as Pure Soft drinks who manufacture Coca Cola, Sprite and Fanta. PEPSI Co which manufactures PEPSI, These are global products with a good brand positioned worldwide. However CCS has managed to maintain a strong market position with the presence of global products such as coca cola and PEPSI since they provide a different product. However when considering the local competition for CCS it is the Ole products, it is the most competitive company for CCS because both are local companies, Ole manufacture’s similar products as CCS manufacture. For example: CCS manufactures Cream soda and EGB etc†¦ , where as Ole manufactures Ole cream soda and Ole ginger beer etc This gives the customers a variety to choose from, this is why as mentioned above the customer’s have a higher bargaining power. However elephant house soft drinks ( EGB and Cream soda) has been able to compete successfully because CCS, which has a long history, has understood local consumer needs better than its competitors. The Threat of Substitutes Substitutes are alternative products which satisfy the same needs and wants of consumers. Many people switch to their competitive products because it may be cheaper, and also people have been aware of the affects caused by carbonated drinks, and therefore are shifting towards substitute product such as Fresh Juice, Dairy products Energy Drinks. However substitute products of EGB and Cream soda are not cheaper but higher priced other than dairy product , therefore the main reason of the shift in consumers for substitute products could be the awareness of affects caused by carbonated drinks. There are many competitors of dairy product manufacturing companies who produce is mass and sell at a relatively lower price than EGB and cream soda which in fact makes dairy product more a competitive product. However since it is not a carbonated product it is known as a substitute product. Many people these days are health conscious and go to the gym to maintain their body which encourages them to purchase energy drinks to keep them fit and fresh juices which for refreshment. The Threat of New Entrants CCS soft drinks (EGB and Cream soda) have not faced threat of new entrants recent past. Since CCS is a company operating for many years it would have the advantage over the new company entering the market because a new company has to study its consumers and know how exactly the company should target its customers. For example: Five years back Ole entered the market and at that time Ole was a new entrant for CCS, However Ole made it look easier by producing products such as Ole Ginger beer Ole Cream soda which are similar products with similar taste to EGB and Elephant House cream soda. CCS had the experience to handle the situation and they managed to make many changes to their prices strategies, distributions etc†¦ and made sure their products stay in the market. 5. Recommendation Promotion The promotion strategy of Elephant house soft drinks has to be changed since the current marketing promotion is not that appealing. Elephant house has established a good customer base which now needs to keep reminding about the products. This can be achieved by a strong promotion strategy. Strong Advertisements Elephant house soft drinks can use new advertisements targeting their core customers. Elephant Ginger beer is mainly consumed by 25-60 adult age groups, therefore the advertisement should be done accordingly, and on the other hand Cream Soda is consumed by more teenage and young adults, by conveying the message to the proper consumers the company can keep the current customers on board and will also help attract new customers. Popular Brand Ambassador New popular brand ambassadors should be introduced. This will help products like Elephant Ginger Beer and Cream Soda move forward in strong command. Selecting internationally recognized figures will boost its popularity both locally and globally. New labeling Most of the current soft drinks in the market use attractive and eye-catching labels. Elephant House soft drinks use small labels on their products. Global market Elephant House soft drinks are currently distributed in 25 countries. Elephant Ginger Beer and Elephant Cream Soda are two major sellers. CCS can now look into the expansion of its beverage market globally. Elephant House soft drinks are only popular among Sri Lankans who are living abroad. Elephant Ginger Beer and Cream Soda can be distributed on a global scale which will help the products expand among the foreign population. Hybrid products Elephant House soft drinks have a wide opportunity in bringing up new products. They recently put out a new beverage Apple Soda which popular among the people and was a huge success, like wise Elephant house can come up with new products which will boost their ever growing popularity.

The Church as Forgiving Community An Initial Model free essay sample

Summary â€Å"The Church as Forgiving Community: An Initial Model,† by Chad M. Magnuson and Robert D. Enright is a research article based on the study of forgiveness. This article guides the reader through steps on how to work towards forgiveness as an individual, through the church, and into the community, and also how to then sustain the forgiving community that has been built through this forgiveness education. Magnuson and Enright propose a three-tiered holistic psycho-educational approach to forgiveness education called â€Å"The Forgiving Communities.† They state, â€Å"The goal of The Forgiving Communities is to deepen individuals’ (and society’s) understanding and personal practice of, and growth in forgiveness†. The model consists of multiple levels of forgiveness education that starts with the senior pastor and works its way down through the church leaders, lay volunteers, and eventually into the entire congregation. The main point of this article is how to train the church community to install and sustain Enright’s process model on forgiveness. We will write a custom essay sample on The Church as Forgiving Community: An Initial Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With this is the hope that the forgiveness education would trickle down to the children and give them the tools they need to confront injustices in a healthy way into adulthood. Magnuson and Enright provide research that show strong evidence for the benefits associated with using a â€Å"road map† to learn how to forgive someone and also on how to receive forgiveness. Their evidence suggests that those who have forgiven or received forgiveness also have significant reductions in anger, depression, anxiety, grief, and post-traumatic stress symptoms and increases in self-esteem, hope, positive attitudes, environmental mastery, and finding meaning in suffering . The model that is proposed consists of multiple levels of forgiveness education which takes place at fixed times throughout each year in order to cultivate a culture of forgiveness within the church, which would then by nature be evident in the community. Reflection This article seemed appealing to me because of the topic of forgiveness itself. Forgiveness has always been a struggle for me as I continue to grow and learn in my relationship with God. Forgiveness was never something that was discussed in the church I grew up in, and it was not until I attended Christian counseling as a client that I learned of the true concept of forgiveness and why it is beneficial both in my life and in the life of the one who has hurt or offended me. Until reading this article, I had never really considered the scientific side of forgiveness. Magnuson and Enright provide a lot of evidence to support the positive effect that forgiveness has on psychological, relational, and physical health. I also had never actually considered approaching forgiveness as a process of steps in order to achieve a goal. In granting forgiveness, Freedman et al (2005) as cited in the article explains that, â€Å"One must first uncover one’s anger. In doing so, one can work through such issues as identifying psychological defenses (like denial), confronting the anger, or sometimes acknowledging the experience of shame†¦Once one has committed to forgive, one can begin the work of forgiveness by viewing the offender in new ways by developing empathy and compassion toward the offender†¦ After one has work on forgiveness, one might find new meaning in the suffering, recognize that one has been an offender in the past, and realize that one is not alone in the journey,† The same process is true of the process of receiving forgiveness. Up until reading this article, I had never considered forgiveness as a process that takes â€Å"work† in order to reach the goal of forgiving or receiving forgiveness. I have certainly gained a greater interest and desire to study more empirical research on this topic of forgiveness and will start with some of the materials cited in this article. Application After conducting further research on this topic of forgiveness, I plan to construct my own model or â€Å"road map† in order to teach potential clients about the process of both granting and receiving forgiveness as I believe both sides of this spectrum are equally valuable. Within the context of my current career in a correctional setting, I would be working with inmates who most likely struggle with this very thing, and for some of them, this is one of the reasons that led them down the road that got them locked up to begin with. I plan to conduct further research that focuses more on the physical, psychological, and relational benefits of forgiveness in order to support my viewpoint on the topic to my perspective clients because I cannot openly share my faith, I would not be able to share the biblical truths on forgiveness in my workplace. Constructing a tiered approach to forgiveness would allow both my client and me to have tangible steps to guide us through the journey of forgiveness and would also allow us to stay focused on one step at a time. In a group setting it would be beneficial to have multiple seminars throughout the year on the topic of forgiveness so that other leaders both in counseling and in the church could be educated on the importance of promoting consistent forgiveness education in their ministries and careers. This could also be in the form of a retreat or conference of sorts where multiple lay persons and leaders in my region could attend which would include a guest speaker, and break-out sessions on the importance of and how to implement and practice forgiveness and forgiveness education.

Italian Text Messaging - Italian SMS Abbreviazioni

Italian Text Messaging - Italian SMS Abbreviazioni Dm c sent x spr ki dv venr. Does that sentence resemble a message from extraterrestri telefonino Ideographic Italian accento acuto Italian SMS Abbreviations Italian SMS Standard Italian anche ci sentiamo comunque domani dopo dire dove sei destra forse che chi come con cosa mi manchi tantissimo numero non prossimo qualche qualcosa qualcuno quando quindi quanto questo rispondi scusa solo sempre messaggio sono sapere sinistra spero ti telefono tardi tranquillo troppo ti voglio tanto bene volevo perchà © percià ² per ora perà ² persona tanti baci meno male pià ¹ o meno per Did you understand any of this? Maybe its appropriate now to ask: Povera lingua italiana dv 6?

About Lois Lowrys Controversial Book, The Giver

About Lois Lowry's Controversial Book, The Giver Imagine living in a society of sameness where you find no color, no family connections, and no memory- a society where life is governed by rigid rules that resist change and resent questioning. Welcome to the world of Lois Lowrys 1994 Newbery award-winning book The Giver, a powerful and controversial book about a utopian community and young boy’s dawning realizations about oppression, choices and human connections. The Storyline of The Giver Twelve-year-old Jonas is looking forward to the Ceremony of Twelves and getting his new assignment. He will miss his friends and their games, but at 12 he is required to set aside his child-like activities. With excitement and fear, Jonas and the rest of the new Twelves are bid a formal â€Å"thank you for your childhood† by the head elder as they move into the next phase of community work. In The Giver’s utopian community, rules govern every aspect of life from speaking in precise language to sharing dreams and feelings at daily family councils. In this perfect world, climate is controlled, births are regulated and everyone is given an assignment based on ability. Couples are matched and applications for children are reviewed and assessed. The elderly are honored and  apologize, and the acceptance of apologies, are mandatory. In addition, anyone who refuses to follow rules or who exhibits weaknesses is â€Å"released† (a gentle euphemism for killed). If twins are born, the one weighing the least is scheduled for release while the other is taken to a nurturing facility. Daily pills to suppress desires and â€Å"stirrings† are taken by citizens beginning at age twelve. There is no choice, no disruption, and no human connections. This is the world Jonas knows until he is assigned to train under the Receiver and become his successor. The Receiver holds all the memories of the community and it’s his job to pass on this heavy burden to Jonas. As the old Receiver begins to give Jonas the memories of ages past, Jonas starts to see colors and experience new feelings. He learns there are words to label the emotions that are erupting inside him: pain, joy, sorrow, and love. The passing of memories from aged man to boy deepens their relationship and Jonas experiences a powerful need to share his newfound awareness. Jonas wants others to experience the world as he sees it, but the Receiver explains that letting loose these memories all at once into the community would be unbearable and painful. Jonas is weighed down by this new knowledge and awareness and finds solace in discussing his feelings of frustration and amazement with his mentor. Behind a closed door with the speaker device turned to OFF, Jonas and the Receiver discuss the forbidden topics of choice, fairness, and individuality. Early in their relationship, Jonas begins to see the old Receiver as a Giver because of the memories and knowledge he is giving to him. Jonas quickly finds his world shifting. He sees his community with new eyes and when he understands the real meaning of â€Å"release† and learns a sad truth about the Giver, he begins to make plans for change. However, when Jonas finds out that a young child he’s grown fond of is being prepared for release, both he and the Giver quickly alter their plans and prepare for a daring escape full of risk, danger, and death for all involved. Author Lois Lowry Lois Lowry wrote her first book, A Summer to Die, in 1977 at the age of 40. Since then she’s written more than 30 books for children and teens, often tackling serious topics such as debilitating illnesses, the Holocaust, and repressive governments. The winner of two Newbery Medals and other accolades, Lowry continues to write the types of stories she feels represents her views about humanity. Lowry explains, â€Å"My books have varied in content and style. Yet it seems that all of them deal, essentially, with the same general theme: the importance of human connections. Born in Hawaii, Lowry, the second of three children, moved all over the world with her Army dentist father. Awards Over the years, Lois Lowry has accumulated multiple awards for her books, but the most prestigious are her two Newbery Medals for Number the Stars (1990) and The Giver (1994). In 2007, the American Library Association honored Lowry with the Margaret A. Edwards Award for Lifetime Contribution to Young Adult Literature. Controversy, Challenges, and Censorship Despite the many accolades The Giver has garnered, it has met with enough opposition to put it on the American Library Association’s most frequently challenged and banned books list for the years 1990-1999 and 2000-2009. Controversy over the book focuses on two topics: suicide and euthanasia. When a minor character determines she can no longer endure her life, she asks to be â€Å"released† or killed. According to an article in USA Today, opponents of the book argue that Lowry fails to â€Å"explain that suicide is not a solution to life’s problems.† In addition to the concern about suicide, opponents of the book criticize Lowry’s handling of euthanasia. Supporters of the book counter these criticisms by arguing that children are being exposed to social issues that will make them think more analytically about governments, personal choice, and relationships. When asked for her opinion on book banning Lowry responded: I think banning books is a very, very dangerous thing. It takes away an important freedom. Any time there is an attempt to ban a book, you should fight it as hard as you can. Its okay for a parent to say, I dont want my child to read this book. But it is not okay for anyone to try to make that decision for other people. The world portrayed in The Giver is a world where choice has been taken away. It is a frightening world. Lets work hard to keep it from truly happening. The Giver Quartet and the Movie While The Giver can be read as a standalone book, Lowry has written companion books to further explore the meaning of community. Gathering Blue (published in 2000) introduces readers to Kira, a crippled orphan girl with a gift for needlework. Messenger, published in 2004, is the story of Mattie who is first introduced in Gathering Blue as Kira’s friend. In fall 2012 Lowrys Son was published. Son represents the grand finale in Lois Lowrys Giver books.

U.S. Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Government - Research Paper Example The paper also examines three reasons for continuing federalism and its current form in the United States. In addition, the paper looks into the controversy of appointing people in the federal bureaucracy. Lastly, the paper will discuss the reasons why the U.S. has representative democracy over federal democracy on the federal level. What are the benefits of a two-party system in U.S. politics? What are the benefits of third parties in this system, if any? The political system in the United States entails two parties dominating during voting in elections and each level of government. The two-party system in the United States politics has several benefits, which forms the basis for the advantages accrued from such a system. One of the benefits of the two-party system in the United States is that it encourages and leads to political stability. The two political parties strive towards finding a common position that would be of benefit to the whole country. The system of two-party system leads to widespread agreements between the legislators, which eventually leads to political stability (Bertlastsky, 2010). According to Bertlastsky (2010), another benefit derived from the two-party system in the United States includes ease of governance. This emanates from the fact that such a system leads to a lot of harmonious existence between the two parties. As a result, legislators have the opportunity to participate in issues of governance and activities of the government. The two-party system is also beneficial as it leads to simplicity in the voting process; through such a system, voting becomes an easy affair in the United States. This is because there exist no complexities when the voter wants to make a choice between the parties. As opposed to a multi-party system, voting in a two-party system takes place fast since voters choose from a list of few candidates. The two-party system also lowers the rate of corruption in the United States. This emanates from the belief that leaders should think about the people who they represent. Failure to represent the will of the majority can make the electorate vote for the rival party in the next elections. Apart from the benefits of a two-party system, some benefits can also be derived from the inclusion of third parties in this system. Third parties give the electorate a variety of choices from where they can choose especially if the voters have expressed dissatisfaction with the parties in a two party system. Third parties also encourage sound governance since they promote transparency through regular critique of the government (Bertlastsky, 2010). Reasons for the Continuing Federalism and its Current form in the United States According to Holdsted t (2006), politics in the United States is based on Federalism, which gives both the executive and the states some powers. The constitution of America expresses significant belief in Federalism as a way of governing the United States. Under Federalism, the American constitution divides power between regional government and the Central government. Changes in the constitution have to be agreed upon by these two factions of the government. There are several factors that have contributed to continuing federalism, and they explain why federalism is deeply rooted in the U.S. system. One of the reasons that explain continuing federalism encompasses the practice of pragmatism. Federalism has proved to be highly

Close reading and analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Close reading and analyze - Essay Example He tries to equate his love for him with the divine angle, Platonic love as per Greek philosophy, but lacks the support of the prerequisite of that ideal relationship as he not the boy’s mentor. Considering from the point of view of the boy also the love relationship does not pass the test. His attitude negates the practice of Platonic love. His meaningful smile is not the smile of Narcissus. Narcissus of the Greek mythology falls in love with his own image, intently stares his reflection, dies in the process and is reborn as a flower. Aschenbach’s wants to defend his position from the philosophical angle, but in the process reveals the struggle of his inner world. He tries his best to suppress his true feeling of love for Tadzio but his final submission indicates the victory of the Dionysian forces (debauchery, joy and abandon) in his mind. He is vocal about his love for Tadzio and pronounces the words â€Å"I love you† by himself, and not in the presence of Tadzio. Evil can overpower an individual at the most unsuspected moment and one’s spiritual pursuit needs to be ever vigilant. What is to be noted in this chapter is the ironic tone of narration. W ith the mention of the mythical characters, an atmosphere is created pointing towards universality of characters. Finally, Thomas Mann hints at the ill-fated love of

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay What would you do to redeem yourself for a very bad thing you’ve done? In the novel The Kite Runner, the main character, Amir, will redeem himself for what he had done in his childhood by doing good things. In Afghanistan, there is a segregation of ethnic groups between the Hazara and the Pashtun. Hazara people work for the Pashtun people. Hassan Is a Hazara and Amir is a Pashtun. Although Amir and Hassan are best friends, Amir never consider Hassan as his best friend or even a friend. Even though Amir is a mean and jealous character when he is young, he evolves into an entirely different person. He redeems himself by showing unselfishness and generosity to a stranger. He grants Rahim Khan’s last request and risks his life to go help Sohrab in Afghanistan. As a child, Amir’s character shows jealousy and selfishness because he doesn’t receive enough attention from his father. Amir is always jealous of Hassan for being treated the same as him by Baba. In his head, Amir thinks that he is Baba’s true and only son, so he doesn’t understand why Baba treats Hassan the same way he treats him. When Amir and Hassan go to buy kites, they get the same kind of kite, and when Amir asks for a fancier one, Baba buys the same for both of them. â€Å"Sometimes I wished he wouldn’t do that. Wished he’d let me be the favorite. † Amir doesn’t like Hassan to be treated the same way as him because he is jealous. He once thought that the orphans should have died along with their parents because he is jealous of the kids that get to spend time with his father. This shows that when Amir is young, he was mean and selfish. To run away from his jealousy and guilt, he frames Hassan for stealing his watch and money by placing it under the mattress. After Amir frames Hassan for stealing his watch and money, he never had the chance to see Hassan again in his life. Although he purposely pushes Hassan out of his life, Amir is obsessed with Hassan throughout the novel. He thinks about Hassan when there was war, wonders if Hassan is still alive. He thinks about Hassan when he was grown up, wonders if Hassan was alive or if he has any wife yet. Its because Amir is full of guilt and obsession over Hassan. Deep inside, he thinks that if Hassan dies, it might be because of him. Amir also regrets the action in the past. Amir regrets that he wasnt mature enough to understand that Hassan is his best and only friend. He regrets that he wasnt strong enough to stand up for himself. He regrets how he was ignorant, and didnt know that Hassan is his brother. Throughout the novel, Amir has evolves into an entirely different character. He changes from a mean and jealous boy to a generous and kind man. Amir plants fistfuls of crumpled money under the mattress. He shows kindness to a stranger like Farid. Amir wants to help Farid’s family because he understands what his family has to go through in Afghanistan. When Amir was searching for Sohrab at Afghanistan, he met a beggar that knew his mother. Amir gave the beggar on the streets three dollars. Three dollars is not a lot of money but to give three dollars to a beggar is not a common thing that happens. This proves that Amir also evolves into a character that has empathy towards people, and changes into another level of kindness. He also evolves into a character that has more courage. As a child, he won’t fight people back and needs Hassan to help him. He also couldn’t stand up to the General but now he can finally stand up to the general, when he said to the general that, â€Å"you will never again refer to him as’ Hazara boy’ in my presence. He has a name and it’s Sohrab. † â€Å"There is a way to be good again†. These words come out from Rahim Khan’s mouth. He convinces Amir to be a good person after he finds out what Amir has done in the past. Amir tries to redeem himself by meeting with Rahim Khan and grants him his last request before he dies. He goes back to Afghanistan to help Sohrab out of that poor and dangerous place. This shows Amir’s commitment to Hassan. He redeems himself to Hassan. Amir would risk his life to go help Sohrab, even though he has other responsibilities like how he has his wife at America. If he dies in Afghanistan, it will really affect Soraya’s life. He even accepts Sohrab in his family and adopts him. It shows that Amir is really dedicated to this redemption. The novel shows the evolution of Amir as a character. He becomes more kind and generous to other people. He also redeems himself for the bad things that he did to his half brother. His regrets lead him to his redemption. After Amir finds out that Hassan is his half brother, and that he has passed away, that is when Amir starts to evolve into a different character. He starts showing kindness and generosity because it is Amir’s way of redeeming himself. I think at last Amir really did become a good person.

Who Is Beloved? :: essays papers

Who Is Beloved? After reading the novel Beloved by Toni Morrison, many readers may find them selves asking who Beloved really was. There are basically three answers that would satisfy this question; that she is the actual baby ghost come back to life, a random woman who came to fulfill the needs of the protagonists, and the view of, does it really matter? These possibilities will be discussed throughout the duration of this essay and it will be left to you to decide what you think. In the support of Beloved actually being the baby ghost re-born, you could use the fact that she knew a song that Sethe made up to sing to her children to prove this theory. " 'I made up that song,' said Sethe. 'I made it up and sang it to my children. Nobody knows that song but me and my children' " Sethe pg. 176 "Beloved turned to look at Sethe. 'I know it,' she said." Beloved pg.176 The fact that Beloved knew about Sethe's earrings also adds to this. How she seemed to know all of the right questions to ask Sethe and when she should ask them. Symbolism also factors into this idea. Beloved came out of the water, Sethe had an experience like her water would break in pregnancy when she saw Beloved, and Beloved drank so much water, as an infant child would have to do. Water in this case refers to life and re-birth. A third piece of evidence would be Beloved's appearance; she had soft unwrinkled skin, like that of a baby; "She had new skin, lineless and smooth, including the knuckles of her hands." Pg. 50 Beloved had what seemed to be little wisps of hair across her forehead, these were decided later to be the imprints of Sethe's nails from where Sethe held Beloved to hold her in place in order to slit her throat. Taking all of this into account, it is enough to convince almost anyone that the facts are too great for Beloved to be anyone but the baby ghost reincarnated. While the facts for Beloved being the actual baby ghost reincarnated seem overwhelming there is also the idea that she might be just some random woman. Beloved's appearance at 124 seemed to have impeccable timing, which brought about the question of "was she was a random woman who heard about the family and took the needed place of the baby ghost." Some of the information brought to the aide of Beloved's being the baby ghost can be contradicted in this theory.

Reconstruction Dbq

The Civil War was one of the most difficult and trying times during American history. The war ended with the the Union and Confederate states torn apart over one major issue: slavery. With the end of the Civil War came the end of slavery in the United States. Although the former black slaves were now free, they had no land and very few rights, and most did not even have family. Though out reconstruction, blacks were able to gain rights, but were continuously repressed by the white Southerners. The only way to truly enfranchise the former slaves was by effectively disenfranchising their former masters.The reign the masters had over their former slaves disabled the slaves from trying to fulfill their lives as equal American citizens. In most cases, the blacks of American were granted certain freedoms and then were taken away or oppressed by the whites. The former plantation and slave owners were not receptive to treating the blacks as their fellow counterparts. As Reconstruction began to start in the United States, the question of how the Southern states would be welcomed back into the Union begged at the issue. Reconstruction started to become a struggle between the executive and legislative branches.Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, wanted to approach Reconstruction from a military prospective because they were seeking revenge and felt the South needed to be taught a lesson because of the havoc and damage that they imposed on the Union (Document A). On the other hand, Andrew Johnson wanted to take a more moderate approach to reconstruction in order to quickly reincorporate the Southern states into the Union. To be allowed back into the Union, as per Andrew Johnson’s plan of reconstruction, the Southern states had to, among many other terms, agree to the 13th Constitutional Amendment that recognized the freedom of blacks.Many blacks felt that they knew their previous masters best and argued that although the states would agree to the recognit ion of 13th amendment, it was only â€Å"lip deep† (Document C). They also argued that the only way to really make the Southerners see the blacks as their equals was with the assistance of the federal government to put military reconstruction into place (Document C). The first Reconstruction act was passed in March 2nd, 1867 and divided the South into five military districts, each under a major general (Document I).In each of these districts, freed males slaves were granted suffrage. This act also offered readmission to the Union if the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which would grant citizenship and civil liberties to all people born or naturalized in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment was another step toward black equality and secured the rights of the former slaves (Document H). Although blacks were now allowed to vote, whites in the South would use severe intimidation tactics in order to oppress the newly acquired rights of the blacks.Voting is one of the most basic rights of an American citizen, so it would seem that the right to vote for all would equate peace and happiness between the whites and blacks (Document F). The idea of a master seeing his former slave at the same voting polls was an belligerent concept. During this time period, it seemed that the only way for the blacks to have their rights without being oppressed was to disenfranchise the whites. Even though the blacks were released from slavery, the whites still used tactics to keep the blacks in order beneath them.The Black Codes were created to make a cheap labor source for the South. Blacks would be arrested for vagrancy and judged by a jury that consisted of white men; blacks still could not serve on a jury at this time, still displaying that blacks did not receive full rights of white citizens. Thus, blacks would always be convicted by the jury of whites who wanted to ensure a labor force. Once convicted, the blacks were put on farms to work. Blacks would also have to pay a penalty if they were jumping contracts and moving from plantation to plantation; they could not leave the plantation.The whites were basically creating a â€Å"legal† system of slavery, which undermined the blacks newly acquired rights as a free citizen. Andrew Johnson would soon prove to be the oppressor in the fight for black equality during the time of reconstruction in the United States. First, the distribution of land was being brought about by a reconstruction-made institution, known as the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, education, and land to the blacks. By June 1865, the Bureau had settled nearly 10,000 black families on their own land, which was abandoned plantations.Just as the blacks were coming into and accepting their new freedom, the Southern white plantation owners were returning and demanding the return of their land. Andrew Johnson would support their demands and the government would eventually re turn all of the land. Just by this instance, it was proved that the whites in the South had tremendous control over the blacks and the government seemed to be supporting them. The North actually feared the potential power of the South in the most recent events of oppression (Document G). Andrew Johnson was also presented with the newly created Reconstruction Amendments, all of which he vetoed.Although he was overridden by Congress, this shows how the â€Å"white men† has once again oppressed the blacks. Also, Andrew Johnson would soon pull the institution of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This was once again preventing the blacks from bettering themselves as individuals and accepting their new rights and freedoms as citizens of the United States. Tensions ran extremely high between the whites and blacks that it started to become deadly. Hate groups were beginning to form in order to undermine the blacks where they were the majority. The most prevalent hate group was the Ku Klu x Klan.These groups policed themselves in groups around voting polls in order to keep the blacks from exercising their rights given to them in the Fifteenth Amendment. The treatment these hate groups, including the Knights of the White Camellia, oppressed the blacks from exercising the most basic of their civil rights and began to return them to their previous way of life. The hatred and means to put the blacks down was beginning to become incredible because the whites did not want to see blacks become their equals and wanted no help or interaction with their former chattel (Document B).Segregation in the South was becoming more relevant during the time of Reconstruction. At first, there were public areas, such as schools, that accepted both black and white children. Even with such established integrated public places, white Southerners still refused to send their children to school with black children. The court case Plessy v. Ferguson made the term â€Å"separate but equal† sanctified in Supreme Court. This means that black and white accommodations had to be equal, but permitted to be separated.This case also established the Jim Crow Laws, which made the segregation of the races possible. In all reality, although Plessy v. Ferguson determined that black and white accommodations were separate but equal, the accommodations of the whites were of higher standards than those of the former slaves. The segregated and racist mindset of the whites in the South made it hard for the former slaves to make any progress because every step the African Americans took toward securing their civil liberties, the whites were there to take a stand against them by any means.Fredrick Douglass believe that all people in the South could live together in peace if the South merely cooperated (Document D). The Election of 1876 would be the death of Radical Reconstruction. After a discrepancy with the votes in the election, a compromise was made that would make Republican Rutherf ord B. Hayes the presidential winner. The victory of the Republican party would then mean that the Union army must pull out of the five Southern regions. Thus, the Freedmen are now turned away from by the Radical Republicans and are left for the Southerners to handle.The Southern whites will continue to oppress the former slaves and will try to take away every right they have come to gain. The only way for the Freemen to become rich with their civil rights and able to express them would be to take the opportunities away from the whites to oppress them. If the oppression of the blacks by the whites is continuously ignored, then it will be impossible for the blacks to even become completely equal with the whites among them. Reconstruction Dbq The Civil War was one of the most difficult and trying times during American history. The war ended with the the Union and Confederate states torn apart over one major issue: slavery. With the end of the Civil War came the end of slavery in the United States. Although the former black slaves were now free, they had no land and very few rights, and most did not even have family. Though out reconstruction, blacks were able to gain rights, but were continuously repressed by the white Southerners. The only way to truly enfranchise the former slaves was by effectively disenfranchising their former masters.The reign the masters had over their former slaves disabled the slaves from trying to fulfill their lives as equal American citizens. In most cases, the blacks of American were granted certain freedoms and then were taken away or oppressed by the whites. The former plantation and slave owners were not receptive to treating the blacks as their fellow counterparts. As Reconstruction began to start in the United States, the question of how the Southern states would be welcomed back into the Union begged at the issue. Reconstruction started to become a struggle between the executive and legislative branches.Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, wanted to approach Reconstruction from a military prospective because they were seeking revenge and felt the South needed to be taught a lesson because of the havoc and damage that they imposed on the Union (Document A). On the other hand, Andrew Johnson wanted to take a more moderate approach to reconstruction in order to quickly reincorporate the Southern states into the Union. To be allowed back into the Union, as per Andrew Johnson’s plan of reconstruction, the Southern states had to, among many other terms, agree to the 13th Constitutional Amendment that recognized the freedom of blacks.Many blacks felt that they knew their previous masters best and argued that although the states would agree to the recognit ion of 13th amendment, it was only â€Å"lip deep† (Document C). They also argued that the only way to really make the Southerners see the blacks as their equals was with the assistance of the federal government to put military reconstruction into place (Document C). The first Reconstruction act was passed in March 2nd, 1867 and divided the South into five military districts, each under a major general (Document I).In each of these districts, freed males slaves were granted suffrage. This act also offered readmission to the Union if the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which would grant citizenship and civil liberties to all people born or naturalized in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment was another step toward black equality and secured the rights of the former slaves (Document H). Although blacks were now allowed to vote, whites in the South would use severe intimidation tactics in order to oppress the newly acquired rights of the blacks.Voting is one of the most basic rights of an American citizen, so it would seem that the right to vote for all would equate peace and happiness between the whites and blacks (Document F). The idea of a master seeing his former slave at the same voting polls was an belligerent concept. During this time period, it seemed that the only way for the blacks to have their rights without being oppressed was to disenfranchise the whites. Even though the blacks were released from slavery, the whites still used tactics to keep the blacks in order beneath them.The Black Codes were created to make a cheap labor source for the South. Blacks would be arrested for vagrancy and judged by a jury that consisted of white men; blacks still could not serve on a jury at this time, still displaying that blacks did not receive full rights of white citizens. Thus, blacks would always be convicted by the jury of whites who wanted to ensure a labor force. Once convicted, the blacks were put on farms to work. Blacks would also have to pay a penalty if they were jumping contracts and moving from plantation to plantation; they could not leave the plantation.The whites were basically creating a â€Å"legal† system of slavery, which undermined the blacks newly acquired rights as a free citizen. Andrew Johnson would soon prove to be the oppressor in the fight for black equality during the time of reconstruction in the United States. First, the distribution of land was being brought about by a reconstruction-made institution, known as the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, education, and land to the blacks. By June 1865, the Bureau had settled nearly 10,000 black families on their own land, which was abandoned plantations.Just as the blacks were coming into and accepting their new freedom, the Southern white plantation owners were returning and demanding the return of their land. Andrew Johnson would support their demands and the government would eventually re turn all of the land. Just by this instance, it was proved that the whites in the South had tremendous control over the blacks and the government seemed to be supporting them. The North actually feared the potential power of the South in the most recent events of oppression (Document G). Andrew Johnson was also presented with the newly created Reconstruction Amendments, all of which he vetoed.Although he was overridden by Congress, this shows how the â€Å"white men† has once again oppressed the blacks. Also, Andrew Johnson would soon pull the institution of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This was once again preventing the blacks from bettering themselves as individuals and accepting their new rights and freedoms as citizens of the United States. Tensions ran extremely high between the whites and blacks that it started to become deadly. Hate groups were beginning to form in order to undermine the blacks where they were the majority. The most prevalent hate group was the Ku Klu x Klan.These groups policed themselves in groups around voting polls in order to keep the blacks from exercising their rights given to them in the Fifteenth Amendment. The treatment these hate groups, including the Knights of the White Camellia, oppressed the blacks from exercising the most basic of their civil rights and began to return them to their previous way of life. The hatred and means to put the blacks down was beginning to become incredible because the whites did not want to see blacks become their equals and wanted no help or interaction with their former chattel (Document B).Segregation in the South was becoming more relevant during the time of Reconstruction. At first, there were public areas, such as schools, that accepted both black and white children. Even with such established integrated public places, white Southerners still refused to send their children to school with black children. The court case Plessy v. Ferguson made the term â€Å"separate but equal† sanctified in Supreme Court. This means that black and white accommodations had to be equal, but permitted to be separated.This case also established the Jim Crow Laws, which made the segregation of the races possible. In all reality, although Plessy v. Ferguson determined that black and white accommodations were separate but equal, the accommodations of the whites were of higher standards than those of the former slaves. The segregated and racist mindset of the whites in the South made it hard for the former slaves to make any progress because every step the African Americans took toward securing their civil liberties, the whites were there to take a stand against them by any means.Fredrick Douglass believe that all people in the South could live together in peace if the South merely cooperated (Document D). The Election of 1876 would be the death of Radical Reconstruction. After a discrepancy with the votes in the election, a compromise was made that would make Republican Rutherf ord B. Hayes the presidential winner. The victory of the Republican party would then mean that the Union army must pull out of the five Southern regions. Thus, the Freedmen are now turned away from by the Radical Republicans and are left for the Southerners to handle.The Southern whites will continue to oppress the former slaves and will try to take away every right they have come to gain. The only way for the Freemen to become rich with their civil rights and able to express them would be to take the opportunities away from the whites to oppress them. If the oppression of the blacks by the whites is continuously ignored, then it will be impossible for the blacks to even become completely equal with the whites among them.

Causes of world war

Source based World war one, a great European war, nations conflicted and divided, aligning themselves with their own allies. World war one war one was a war not born from profound causes but triggered by a continents own insolence, competition and whom a nation was allied with. Each of the European nations had their own goals and motives as to why they did what they did. Some fought to preserve the interests that best served their nation, some fought to retaliate and some fought to become the king of Europe.A country like France ho pushed and encouraged nationalism and militarism was viewed as a powerful nation but because of Its strong policies It was also recognized as a huge threat to other European nations. A war seemed to be beneficial to every nation. Everybody was fending for themselves, For France if a war did break out especially between Germany and Russia, France would be able to attain previously lost lands from Germany. Lace and Lorraine, and this would only be a great ou tcome for France. Germany was another rising nation at the time, her and Russia had conflicts and a war between them seemed inevitable.Russia was trying to recover from a revolution that had occurred less than a decade ago. They had a big army but their soldiers were not well trained and their military was not well equipped to take on a nation Like Germany. Russia posed a threat to Germany but seeing as how Russia was not ready for a war, at least not yet, this was Germany's opportunity to attack and eliminate Russia as a potential future threat. Germany only cared about herself, not other nations, not even Austria. (SOURCE B) Germany provoked a war between Austria and Serbia because Russia was going to Intervene and Germany loud have their chance.This was wishful thinking on the part of Germany. They did not want bloodshed or war, yet they provoked one because it served their nations best Interests. Another powerful nation was Britain, a country that was mostly neutral and wanted n o part in war. Britain had a huge naval base that controlled most of the ports at sea; this trading system was highly beneficial for Britain because it was how their economy held up. Their economy was stable and that can only mean good things, but with a rising nation like Germany, Britain's economy was at stake.Britain needed to stay at the top and Germany wanted to be at the top, there was only room for one, with this two powerful nations competing, a war was dawning, and so Britain allied with France to fight against Germany. Without Britain France would have lost miserably and Germany would have gained control over some of the ports threatening Britain's supremacy over the waters. Each country was doing what was best for their own. Russia was the other nation fighting to get a stronger foothold in Europe, and just like the there nations, her too was serving her own interests.The Russians choose to align with Serbia because they both had similar political views and were both Slav ic countries. This was a difficult time for Russia because of revolution that had occurred not so long ago. The Tsar was losing control and his influence over the Russian 1 OFF land in Europe and hope for that brings peace within Russia. World war one was not motivated by aggression but by mere agency of solidifying one's nation as part of the European continent instead of ending up as an annexed territory in one's nation.

Theorist of Choice

Theorist of Choice In an effort to explain sociology based on how relevant it is in daily life, many sociologists today find the term sociological imagination coined by C. Wright Mills inevitable in their discussions. Through his work under a similar name, Wright Mills stands out as the most appealing sociological theorist to me.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theorist of Choice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, as pointed out by Mills, sociological imagination gives me a deep insight of the nature of sociology. It goes further to shed light on how it directly connects with the lives of individuals in the contemporary society. However, one might want to know what sociological imagination entails. Sociological imagination through Mills’ own words is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another. In other words, it is the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the intimate featu res of the human self, and to see the relations between the two of them (Mills, 1959, p. 3). The ability to connect between the two, according to Mills, is the driving force behind sociological imagination. The key to this theory is the reality of the existence of public issues, as well as private troubles. Public issues originate from the society. They go down to individuals who take them as being a result of their personal failures rather than seeing them for what they ought to be. On the other hand, private troubles arise because of a personal character. For instance, in a society where jobs are hard to get, circumstances may force a person to accept that he is not working simply because he is lazy. This, however, may turn out to be a public issue when many people cannot find anywhere to work, hence forced to stay idle. Wright Mills, through sociological imagination theory, gives an emphasis that sociology mostly focuses on the manner in which social institutions and forces shape the individual behaviors of people in the society. It shows how the affected people respond to the influence. By being able to see the bigger picture, and derive connections between public issues and private troubles, a person is more enlightened and aware of the happenings in his society. According to Brewer (2005, p.134), people will always be interested if their personal problems can be addressed merely by solving other external factors. It is pertinent to note that, when addressing issues in the society, it is indispensable to do so with the inspiration from Mills’ sociological imagination to see the issue in totality. By so doing, one stands a better chance to address it comprehensively.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is only through the ability to see the larger picture, as put forth by Mills, that people can derive sociological solutions and explanat ions. Other theorists under the inspiration of Mills came up with explanations on how some things happen in the society (Vissing, 2011, Para.3). For instance, Mills’ work formed a basis for theorists such as Emile Durkheim who came up with a theory to explain suicide in societies. The sociological imagination theory has, therefore, proven concrete since other scholars in the discipline view it as the only elaborate theory that brings forth reliable sociological explanations. In conclusion, a sociological theory should aim at giving details on sociological problems. By providing an avenue for one to relate issues in his/her private lives with the happenings in the society, Mills’ theory ensures that the real causes of problems in the society are analyzed. It provides accurate solutions to avoid future occurrence of such problems. Reference List Brewer, J. (2005). â€Å"The Public and the Private in C. Wright Mills Life and Work†.  Sociology, 39(4), 661-677. Mil ls, W. (1959). The Sociological Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Vissing, Y. (2011). Introduction to Sociology. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Web.

Poner Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Poner Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The conjugation of the Spanish verb poner, often translated as to put or to place, is highly irregular. In order to help you understand and use this verb, this article includes poner conjugations in the present, past, conditional, and future indicative; the present and past subjunctive; the imperative, and other verb forms. The same conjugation pattern is used for other verbs based on poner, such as componer, disponer, exponer, imponer, oponer, proponer, reponer and suponer. Using the Verb Poner vs. Ponerse The verb poner generally means to put or to place, but its meaning can vary when used in some common expressions like poner la mesa (to set the table), or poner huevos (to lay eggs). It can also mean to turn on, as in poner mà ºsica (to play music on the radio) or poner la televisià ³n (to turn the television on). The verb poner can also be used reflexively - ponerse- . Ponerse can mean to put something on, such as clothing or accessories. For example, Juan se puso el abrigo y Ana se puso el sombrero (Juan put the coat on and Ana put the hat on). In addition, ponerse can mean become when referring to a change in state of being, such as ponerse triste (become sad), ponerse rojo (to become red in the face), ponerse flaco (to become skinny), etc. Poner Present Indicative In the present indicative tense, the first person singular (yo) conjugation of the verb poner is irregular, but the rest of the conjugations follow a regular verb pattern. Yo pongo I put Yo pongo la mesa antes de la cena. Tà º pones You put Tà º pones el libro en la biblioteca. Usted/à ©l/ella pone You/he/she puts Ella pone flores para decorar la casa. Nosotros ponemos We put Nosotros ponemos el dinero en el banco. Vosotros ponà ©is You put Vosotros ponà ©is la ropa en el armario. Ustedes/ellos/ellas ponen You/they put Ellos ponen mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner Preterite Indicative The preterite tense conjugations of poner are irregular and use the stem pus-. Yo puse I put Yo pusela mesa antes de la cena. Tà º pusiste You put Tà º pusisteel libro en la biblioteca. Usted/à ©l/ella puso You/he/she put Ella pusoflores para decorar la casa. Nosotros pusimos We put Nosotros pusimosel dinero en el banco. Vosotros pusisteis You put Vosotros pusisteis la ropa en el armario. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pusieron You/they put Ellos pusieronmucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner Imperfect Indicative The verb poner is conjugated regularly in the imperfect tense. You start with the stem pon and add the imperfect ending for -er verbs (à ­a, à ­as, à ­a, à ­amos, à ­ais, à ­an). The imperfect tense can be translated as was putting or used to put. Yo ponà ­a I used to put Yo ponà ­ala mesa antes de la cena. Tà º ponà ­as You used to put Tà º ponà ­asel libro en la biblioteca. Usted/à ©l/ella ponà ­a You/he/she used to put Ella ponà ­a flores para decorar la casa. Nosotros ponà ­amos We used to put Nosotros ponà ­amosel dinero en el banco. Vosotros ponà ­ais You used to put Vosotros ponà ­aisla ropa en el armario. Ustedes/ellos/ellas ponà ­an You/they used to put Ellos ponà ­anmucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner Future Indicative For the irregular conjugation of poner in the future indicative, change the stem to pondr-. Yo pondrà © I will put Yo pondrà © la mesa antes de la cena. Tà º pondrs Youwill put Tà º pondrs el libro en la biblioteca. Usted/à ©l/ella pondr You/he/shewill put Ella pondr flores para decorar la casa. Nosotros pondremos Wewill put Nosotros pondremos el dinero en el banco. Vosotros pondrà ©is Youwill put Vosotros pondrà ©isla ropa en el armario. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pondrn You/theywill put Ellos pondrn mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner PeriphrasticFuture Indicative The periphrastic future is composed of the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive poner. Yo voy a poner I am going to put Yo voy a ponerla mesa antes de la cena. Tà º vasa poner You aregoing to put Tà º vasa poner el libro en la biblioteca. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa poner You/he/shegoing to put Ella vaa poner flores para decorar la casa. Nosotros vamosa poner We aregoing to put Nosotros vamos a poner el dinero en el banco. Vosotros vaisa poner You aregoing to put Vosotros vaisa poner la ropa en el armario. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana poner You/they aregoing to put Ellos vana poner mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner Present Progressive/Gerund Form To form the gerund  or present participle, you start with the stem of the verb and then add the ending -ando (for -ar verbs) or -iendo (for -er and -ir verbs). The present participle is used to form progressive tenses like the present progressive, which is usually formed with the auxiliary verb estar, but can also use the verbs seguir, continuar or mantener as the auxiliary. Present Progressive ofPoner est poniendo is putting Ella est poniendo flores para decorar la casa. Poner Past Participle The past participle of poner is irregular - puesto- . This verb form can be used to form perfect tenses, such as the present perfect (with the auxiliary verb haber). Present Perfect of Poner ha puesto has put Ella ha puesto flores para decorar la casa. Poner Conditional Indicative To talk about possibilities, you can use the conditional tense, which is usually translated to English as would verb. Poner is also irregular in the conditional and uses the stem pondr-. Yo pondrà ­a I would put Yo pondrà ­ala mesa antes de la cena si llegara a tiempo. Tà º pondrà ­as Youwould put Tà º pondrà ­as el libro en la biblioteca si hubiera espacio. Usted/à ©l/ella pondrà ­a You/he/shewould put Ella pondrà ­a flores para decorar la casa, pero las flores estn muy caras. Nosotros pondrà ­amos Wewould put Nosotros pondrà ­amos el dinero en el banco si nos ganramos la loterà ­a. Vosotros pondrà ­ais Youwould put Vosotros pondrà ­ais la ropa en el armario si fuerais ms ordenados. Ustedes/ellos/ellas pondrà ­an You/theywould put Ellos pondrà ­an mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo, pero son perezosos. Poner Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive is formed with the stem of the first person singular in the present indicative (yo pongo). Que yo ponga That I put Mam pide que yo ponga la mesa antes de la cena. Que tà º pongas That you put El maestro quiere que tà º pongas el libro en la biblioteca. Que usted/à ©l/ella ponga That you/he/she put La decoradora recomienda que ella ponga flores para decorar la casa. Que nosotros pongamos That we put El contador sugiere que nosotros pongamos el dinero en el banco. Que vosotros pongis That you put Pap pide que vosotros pongis la ropa en el armario. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pongan That you/they put La jefa espera que ellos pongan mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive has two different conjugations. Both of them are correct. Option 1 Que yo pusiera That I put Mam pedà ­a que yo pusiera la mesa antes de la cena. Que tà º pusieras That you put El maestro sugerà ­a que tà º pusieras el libro en la biblioteca. Que usted/à ©l/ella pusiera That you/he/she put La decoradora recomendaba que ella pusiera flores para decorar la casa. Que nosotros pusià ©ramos That we put El contador sugerà ­a que nosotros pusià ©ramos el dinero en el banco. Que vosotros pusierais That you put Pap pedà ­a que vosotros pusierais la ropa en el armario. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pusieran That you/they put La jefa esperaba que ellos pusieran mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Option 2 Que yo pusiese That I put Mam pedà ­a que yo pusiese la mesa antes de la cena. Que tà º pusieses That you put El maestro sugerà ­a que tà º pusieses el libro en la biblioteca. Que usted/à ©l/ella pusiese That you/he/she put La decoradora recomendaba que ella pusiese flores para decorar la casa. Que nosotros pusià ©semos That we put El contador sugerà ­a que nosotros pusià ©semosel dinero en el banco. Que vosotros pusieseis That you put Pap pedà ­a que vosotros pusieseis la ropa en el armario. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas pusiesen That you/they put La jefa esperaba que ellos pusiesen mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo. Poner Imperative The imperative mood is used to give orders or commands. Positive Commands Tà º pon Put!  ¡Pon el libro en la biblioteca! Usted ponga Put!  ¡Ponga flores para decorar la casa! Nosotros pongamos Let's put!  ¡Pongamos el dinero en el banco! Vosotros poned Put!  ¡Poned la ropa en el armario! Ustedes pongan Put!  ¡Pongan mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo! Negative Commands Tà º no pongas Don't put!  ¡No pongas el libro en la biblioteca! Usted no ponga Don't put!  ¡No ponga flores para decorar la casa! Nosotros no pongamos Let's not put!  ¡No pongamos el dinero en el banco! Vosotros no pongis Don't put!  ¡No pongis la ropa en el armario! Ustedes no pongan Don't put!  ¡No pongan mucho esfuerzo en su trabajo!

Paper 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paper 3 - Assignment Example Friedman tries to explain that targeted sanctions were used by the Greek Empire to address territorial conflicts. The aim was to pressure the enemy or political foes to change tactics.Friedman analyzes the evolution of politically motivated sanctions in the ancient Greeks. Also, he also explains that there has been a lengthy history of nations blockading their opponents to force a change in behavior. Friedman concludes that sanctions have become a new political tool in the 20th century since they are currently active compared to the 2,400 years ago as a result of several changes in civilization and new appearance in political arena as compared to the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. European pacifists enacted a series of conferences in the early 20th century in order to discuss how to enforce the decisions of the proposed International System of the arbitration. This was a regulation body handling any aspect of dispute resolutions. Henri La Fontaine, Belgian International law professor persuaded delegates to approve peaceful sanctions through acquiring the legal terms from the nations who had better governance. As a result, delegates from member countries adopted the resolution as a solution to national conflicts. However, French representatives endorsed a treaty to isolate countries in times of war. The French officials described the resolutions as a diplomatic expression. In 2011, the US and the United Nations enforced political, economic and territorial sanctions against the Libyan president. The mission of the enforcement was to isolate the Libyan president and his allies. During the sanctions in Libya, struggles for bank software to recognize the various s pending of the Librarian president was to be ascertained. However, the sanctions could not achieve their objectives because of technical flaws. Between 2011 and 2012, the US imposed

Turkey military and islamists Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Turkey military and islamists - Research Paper Example retained the leadership for three consecutive terms without being overthrown by the military or being removed through the intervention of a constitutional court since multipartism in 1946. The conflict between political parties and the military have destabilized Turkey’s leadership over a long period. The fight between the constitution and Muslim religion has characterized the politics of Turkey. Turkey is officially a secular state as per the provisions of the constitution and their traditions. The constitution governs the activities of the political parties; it provides that any anti-secular political party can be banned by the constitutional court. An Islamic movement started finding its way in the country’s politics in the 1980s in an effort to fight for the economic inequality in the country. The movement has stood in favour of Islamic democracy based on the Islamic Sharia law and has attempted to bring these aspects in the Turkish politics. The military has intervened severally to bring down the extremism by some of these parties. The current leadership by the Justice and Development party has veered off from the stands that were upheld by the previous regimes. The party has Islamic roots but its ideologies have helped it in retaining leadership in the country that h as seen intensive military confrontation with the Islamic parties. Erdogan has been pro-west and has distanced his party from any religious inclination, an aspect that has helped the party remain in harmony with the constitutional provisions. The history of the rise of Islamic politics and the military engagements dates way back in the early 20th Century. Kemalism is an ideology that has been developed from the founder of the country, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk . In the process of its development, the country made a number of changes including an education system that focussed on the pre-Islamic civilizations of the Turkish people. The reforms that were made did not deter the people from

Human Resource Management has evolved significantly over recent Assignment

Human Resource Management has evolved significantly over recent decades with an increasing emphasis on contributing to business - Assignment Example The introduction of globalization and the subsequent growth of cross cultural business made a further name change in the employee management department. Now, instead of HRM, Strategic HRM is prominent in the organizational world. Employees are the backbone of any organization. Even though an organization has many other resources, human resources are the most important ones. All the other organizational resources such as machines, money and materials, need the supervision from human resources for proper utilization or mobilization. This paper evaluates different approaches in strategic human resource management (SHRM) and describes the positioning of SHRM in contemporary context. Introduction According to Bratton & Gold (2012), â€Å"Labour is not a commodity. It is people in work organizations who sets overall strategies and goals, design work systems, produce goods and services, monitor quality, allocate financial resources and market the product and services† (p.8). Even tho ugh an organization has many internal and external resources, none of them has the ability to act independently except the human resources. In other words, all the organizational resources can be mobilized properly only under the control of human resources. There is nothing wrong in saying that HR can make or break an organization. Boddy (2008) defines Human Resource Management (HRM) as â€Å"the effective use of human resources in order to enhance organizational performance† (p.354). Because of globalization, majority of the prominent companies are currently operating cross culturally. Outsourcing and offshoring like modern business principles were evolved out as a result of globalization. Exploitation of cheap labor is vital for an organization for staying competitive in the market. Moreover, diverse workforce is common in most of the modern organizations. Management of diverse workforce necessitates restructuring or modifications of many of the existing HRM principles. Ins tead of HRM, SHRM is common in most of the modern organizations. According to Bratton (N.d.), â€Å"Strategic human resource management is the process of linking the human resource function with the strategic objectives of the organization in order to improve performance†(p.37). The ability to stay competitive determines the success and failures of modern organizations. The way of doing business in the past and present are entirely different. SHRM helps organizations to formulate strategies suitable for the changing principles in the organizational world. Different approaches and models are prevailing in the organizational world with respect to the implementation of SHRM. Different approaches in strategic human resource management (SHRM) According to Bratton (N.d.), â€Å"Strategic HRM’ is an outcome: ‘as organizational systems designed to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through people’† (p.46). For example, plenty of American companies ar e currently struggling in international market, not because of the poor quality of the products they produced, but because of the huge price of these products compared to the prices of products from competitors. It should not be forgotten that America is a country in which manpower cost is extremely high. On the other hand, China and India are countries in which manpower cost is extremely low. Nobody has any doubt about the technological dominance of American companies. However, expensive labor preventing American companies from competing effectively in the global market. Currently,

Wearable Motion Detection Technology to Detect Falls

Wearable Motion Detection Technology to Detect Falls Louise Patterson 1. Project Title The development of a fully working model using wearable motion detection technology to detect and alert to falls within the home. 2. Abstract The focus of this document concerns the research and methodology into the problem of people with care needs being able to live independently within their own homes with minimum intervention. Elderly people particularly tend to have an increased risk of falling and sustaining serious injury than younger people. Other people with certain medical conditions also have a higher risk of falling due to seizures, balance problems etc. Current fall detection alert systems are expensive and obtrusive. They require landline phone connections and a call centre network with access to personal information to contact the appropriate carer. Sensors are rarely waterproof and can be easily damaged. The way the sensors are carried on the body can irritate and become annoying to the patient. One of the biggest, most costly failures of current systems occur when a call button has been touched by accident, resulting in accidental alerts being sent to the call centre. The main objective of this research and proposed model is to provide an investigation into the possibility of using new technology to provide a more effective system. Which Such a system will work only for fall detection and send alerts to appropriate personnel with the option for camera access to enabling them to view situation on way to alert. Specifically the project seeks to discover if new ring motion detection technology can be used to provide a more cost effective way of detecting falls within the home. Provisioning of a sensor which is both waterproof and unobtrusive to the wearer, which can be used to send an alert via txt or email directly to carers, thereby removing the need for an expensive, dedicated landline alert system and call centre network. Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Project Title 2. Abstract 3. Aims 4. Objective 5. Justification 6. Literature Review 7. Methodology 8. Work Plan 9. References 3. Aims The aim of the project is to develop a working model for fall detection using motion detection technology in the form of a wearable ring, thereby replacing current, outdated and non user friendly equipment. Thereafter presenting the working model to appropriate bodies in order to facilitate a huge reduction in what has become a costly and awkward system to run and maintain for all parties. To achieve this, research in what defines a fall will be carried out as well as research for application creation using the processing language and motion detection programming using the available software development kits provided by the ring developers. Current fall detection applications will be researched to compare and improve on proposed model. To achieve this, research will be carried out to determine what defines a fall in the current system, as well as the range of fall detection applications currently available. Following this, research will be required into the most appropriate type of application creation tools to use in the working model. Tools include the type of processing language required and the particular motion detection programming available through the software development kits provided by the ring developers. Comparisons will be drawn from research findings in order to discover what improvements could be made on the proposed working model. 4. Objectives 5. Justification 6. Literature Review The purpose of the papers read is how to define the fall within the scope of the project and what technologies are best suited to project. With this in mind the following papers contain information on fall detection and the different technologies that may be used to complete a project of this type. Challenges, issues and trends in fall detection systems by Raul Igual, Carlos Medrano, and Inmaculada Plaza: Published online July 6 2013 in the BioMedical Engineering OnLine Fall detection system using Kinect’s infrared sensor by Georgios Mastorakis and Dimitrios Makris : Published December 2014 in the Journal of Real-Time Image Processing Heterogeneous multi-sensor fusion based on an evidential network for fall detection by Paulo Armando CAVALCANTE AGUILAR, Jerome Boudy, Dan Istrate, et. Al.: Submitted to HAL on the 14 Dec 2012. Accurate, Fast Fall Detection Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometer-Derived Posture Information By Qiang Li, John A. Stankovic, et. Al. Challenges, issues and trends in fall detection systems: this paper covers many of the different studies already taken place. It details the devices and methods used to detect falls. Fall detection system using Kinect’s infrared sensor : This paper cover the use of the xbox’s kinect sensors in fall detection. The same technology used in the nod ring. Heterogeneous multi-sensor fusion based on an evidential network for fall detection : covers how the network is used to alert and detect the falls. Accurate, Fast Fall Detection Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometer-Derived Posture Information: covers how the bodies position is used with accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect falls. 7. Methodology The research required to enable completion of the project will the follow the flow diagram used within Objectives. Secondary research will be carried out into what defines a fall. This will require papers, articles, books and websites to be read on the definition of what constitutes a fall. The information gained from this research will be compared and contrasted in to tables to analyse what movements and positions best constitute a fall and will cover the most appropriate scenarios for the system model. During this research any currently available algorithms, diagrams and coding will be collated, analysed and used to determine the fall definition selected for the project. Another aspect required for the system model is the final position of the fall and the time of inactivity that would indicate a fall. The data will be collated and analysed using graphs and diagrams to select the most appropriate solution that encompasses the most data to create an all-encompassing fall detection system. Time inactivity data will be collected from research data to compare and contrast time retrieved to select the median figure for inactivity and use this in the development of the system. Then all the collated data will be compared analysed and a conclusion drawn, showing the best options for the project, and the development of the equations required for coding of the device sensors. Once a fall definition has been selected the language used to program the device sensors needs to be researched and learned. The sensor device has available software developer’s kits (SDK) for android, iOS and UNIX among others. The use of these kits will require a steep learning curve and require reading and taking practical courses on learning the languages required. Learning the language, will be achieved through books, online courses and available API’s and code. The Project Supervisor will assist in the project ensuring the correct language is used and coding is fit for purpose. Although the ring comes with its own software, other methods of programming appropriate to the current skill set will be researched, by contacting developers through the developer’s forum and other programmers to assist with programming the sensors. At this stage any compatibility issues with the sensor and devices will be noted and used during the testing of the completed model to facilitate improvements. During the process of learning the coding language, the programming of the ring using this knowledge will be initiated. Sample codes will be modified and tested by programming the device to test functionality. Current fall technology research will include investigating current papers, applications and systems. Available current applications will be compared against the proposed project model to determine possible areas for improvement. Initial alert sending programming will be programmed within the rings SDK, producing results of positive fall detection and sending them to a receiving device. Knowledge and programming developed during research will be used to complete alert programming. Testing will be carried out using simulated alerts on various platforms, at different distances from sensor to base station. Results will be collated and displayed in graphs showing comparisons and analysis. The alert sending system which sends messages to mobile phones and emails will be programmed using the SDK or language used to program other functions. The completed model is to be tested using actual falls which creates an ethical issue. To address this issue local martial arts instructors will be approached to request their assistance with testing. The instructors will be asked to provide the test equipment to classes in order to record falls that take place during normal class activities. To fulfil any ethical considerations these tests will be recorded and the appropriate paperwork for consent obtained. These tests will ensure fall detection, alerts sending and receiving and the effective range of the system. The results will then be collated and reproduced in graphs, tables and illustrations to demonstrate success and failure rates, distance achieved and sending and receiving times. Future developments are investigated through searching for additional functionality of the sensor devices used within the model and possible cost effective additions which, when added to the system model improve the project and add features resulting in a reliable care model. The final step will be compiling the report for submission. This will done by pooling all research, tables, graphs and coding into the documentation required for the MSc project. 8. Work Plan The MSc Smart Networks course leader has stated the project must be completed and submitted for marking so graduation can be achieved in December or January. With this is mind the completed project must be submitted to lecturer in plenty of time to allow for marking and external evaluation. To ensure this is the case a final submission date of October 30th 2015 has been selected with a start date of the 22nd of June 2015. A draft submission is to be submitted no later than the 25th of September. Timeline As a literature review is a learning and development process this will be an ongoing method from June to the end of September. Programming and initial testing will commence in the first week in July and continue until a completed model is ready for final testing. Final testing is to commence in the third week of September and last for two weeks. Compiling of data and research will be compiled as an ongoing process, however writing the project will start in earnest at the same time as final testing. Due to the complexity of the project fortnightly meetings / tutorial sessions will be arranged with the supervisor. 9. References